Welding timer



y 1942- J. w. DAWSON 2,290,543

WELDING TIMER Filed Oct. 12, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 WITNESSES: f INVENTOR 699?" 012940; John napalm].

ATTOR July 21, 1942. J. w. DAWSON 2,290,543

I WELDING TlMER I Filed Oct. 12, 1938 s Sheets-Sheet 2 WITNESSES: v -|NVENTOR v Jzn PZDawsoz.

% (Q .1v BY ATTORNEY Patented July 21, 1942 WELDING 'rmnn John W. Dawson, Auburndale, Mass., assignor to i Westinghouse Electric 8: Manufacturing Com-J pany, East Pittsburgh, Pa.,.a corporation of Pennsylvania Application October 12, 1938, Serial No. 234,635 9 Claims. (01. 250-27) My inventionrelates to control apparatus, and has particular relation to timing systems for resistance .welding apparatus.

The resistance welding industry is at the present time expanding'rapidly and welding apparatus is now being applied in many fields in which its use was considered fantastic only a short time ago. New applications of resistance welding require considerable experimental work, and for this reason there is at present a wide demand for welders which may be adapted with facility to experimental purposes. arises in particular in aircraft plants in which considerable pioneering work is at the present time in progress. .Welding machinery manufacturers and the manufacturers of metals, such as aluminum, magnesium and steel, are .also greatly interested in apparatus of this type.

Welders for experimental purposes must necessarily be so constructed that they lend themselves with facility to the innumerable tests which must be carried out to precisely determine the most propitious welding methods for the countless materials involved. For this purpose it must be possible not only to control the welding time and the welding heat in fine steps over a wide range, but to produce spot welds and seam welds without making elaborate changes in the apparatus and the welding circuits involved.

It is accordingly an object of my invention to provide welding apparatus with which it shall be possible to carry out both seam welding and spot welding and the conversion from one mode of welding to the other shall require only simple operations.

Another object of my invention is to provide a combined spot and seam welding system of simple and tractable structure.

A further object of my invention is to provide a combined spot and seam welding system avoiding, where possible, the duplication oi parts,

while at the same time retaining facilities for the fine adjustment over a. wide range of timing and heat control.

A more specific object of my invention is to provide a novel timing arrangement for a spot welder which is particularly adapted to be combined with a seam welder for the purpose of carrying out a wide diversity of experiments in welding.

An ancillary object of my invention is to provide an arrangement for stabilizing the operation of a discharge valve of the arc-like type when supplying a load having a high impedance.

Another ancillary object of my invention is 55 This demand to provide an arrangement for eliminating inaccuracies in the operation of a timing arrangement wherein the time period is measured out by the charge or discharge of a capacitor.

A further ancillary object of my invention is to provide a peaking reactor of simple and inexpensive structure.

An additional ancillary object of my invention is to provide a novel arrangement for biasing an electric discharge valve.

More concisely stated, it is an object of my invention to provide a combined spot and seam welder in which the individual parts are designed to cooperate with each other in such manner that the maximum facility in carrying out experiments in welding is combined with the maximum economy in the construction and operation of the apparatus.

According to my invention, I provide a welding arrangement in which the welding current is transmitted through electric discharge valves. The heat supplied for welding purposes is controlled in the usual manner by the operation of auxiliary valves which render the main valves conductive at predetermined instants in the half-periods of the supply source; The same main valves and heat control valves are used for seam welding and for spot welding. To time the welding, auxiliary timing valves are provided. Separate timers are provided to control the operation oi the latter valves for spot welding and for seam welding as the case may be.

To pass from one mode of welding to another,

a drum switch is operated. The contacts of the switch are so connected in thesystem that they provide for the complete disconnection of the timing system not in use and for the complete connection of the timing system in use.

The .novel features that I consider characteristic of my invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The inven tion itself, however, both as to its organization and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood from the following description of a specific embodiment when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figs. 1 and 2 constitute together a diagrammatic view showing an embodiment of my invention;

Fig. 3 is a side view of the novel transformer used in the practice of my invention;

Fig. 4 is an end view of the transformer;

Fig. 5- is a graph showing the time variation of the current and potential waves impressed on the primary of the transformer;

Fig. 6 is a graph showing the flux through the mary I1 of the welding transformer 9 is connected across a pair of supply line conductors I9 and 2|, which may be energized from a source of alternating current of any general type, such as the usual commercial 60-cycle supply, through a pair of electric discharge valves 23 and 25 ofthe immersed-ignition-electrode type. The valves 23 and 25 are connected in anti-parallel and control the transmission of alternating current to the transformer 9. Each of the valves 23 and 25 comprises an anode 21 of nickel, carbon or other suitable material, a mercury-pool cathode 29 and an ignition electrode 3| of a high resistance material, such as boron carbide or silicon carbide.

The heat supplied for welding purposes is controlled through auxiliary valves 33 and 35 of the arc-like type which we may here designate as heat controlled valves. Each of the latter com-prises an anode 31, a hot cathode 39 and a control electrode 4| and a gaseous medium. The welding heat is controlled by rendering the heat control valves 33 and 35 conductive at predetermined instants in the half-periods of the source I9, 2|, so that current is transmitted through the ignition electrodes 3| and the cathodes 29 of the corresponding main valves 23 and 25, and the main valves are rendered conductive at these instants.

The angle in the half-cycles of the source I9, 2| at which the heat control valves 33 and 35 are rendered conductive is preset .by the usual phase-shift network 43. The latter comprises a reactor 45 and a resistor 41 supplied in series from the main conductors I9 and 2| through a center tapped secondary section 49 of a supply transformer 5|. Potential derived from the phase shift network 43 is supplied between the control electrodes 4| and the cathodes 39 of the heat control valves 33 and 3 5 through control transformers 53 and 55, respectively, which are connected in parallel to conductors 51 and 59 extending respectively from a resistor 5| interbe so pre-arranged in the disc 91 that the timing ings 83 to 89. The windings 83 to 89 are connected in the control circuits of the timing valves 55 and 51 and the impulses induced are of such magnitude that the latter are rendered conductive when they occur. The pins 95 may valves are rendered conductive during predetermined successive half-periods of the source and are non-conductive during the intermediate half-periods.

The spot weld timing system includes a further auxiliary electric discharge valve |0I of the arcconnecting the phase-shift impedances and 41 and the intermediate terminal 53 of the secondary section 49.

For timing purposes, another pair of auxiliary valves 55 and 51 of the arc-like type, which we may herein designate as timingvalves, is pro vided. Each of the latter valves comprises an anode 59,.a hot cathode 1|, a control electrode 13, and a gaseous medium. When the apparatus is set for seam welding, the timing valves are controlled from a magnetic impulsing device 15.

The latter comprises a rectangular magnetic core 11 having an air gap 19 in its lower leg 8| and windings 83, 35, 81 and 89 on its vertical legs 9| and 93, respectively. Pins 35 of magnetic material mounted along the periphery of a disc 91,

- rotated from a synchronous motor 99, are successively moved into and out of the gap 19, and

as they move, they induce impulses in the windlike type, through whicha timing capacitor I03 is charged through a timing resistor I05. The auxiliary valve IOI comprises an anode I01, a hot cathode I09, a control electrode III and a gaseous medium. Direct-current anode-cathode potential is supplied to the valve from a fullwave rectifier system II3 supplied from the main 'line conductors I9, 2|, and it is initially maintained non-conductive by a biasing capacitor H5 in its control circuit. The capacitor 5 is connected on one side to the control electrode III of the valve |0| through a grid resistor II1. On the other side it is connected to a point intermediate a pair of rheostats H9 and I2I through the movable contactor I23 of a starting relay I25 which is closed when the relay is deenergized. The rheostats H9 and I2I are connected directly across the direct-current potential supply H3 and, therefore, the potential of the control electrode derived from the juncture of the rheostats is more positive than the negative terminal of the supply H3. The cathode I08 of the auxiliary valve IN on the other hand is initially substantially at the potential of the negative terminal of the supply 3 and, therefore, current fiows'between the control electrode III and the cathode I09 and the biasing capacitor H5 is charged to a .potential such that it maintains the valve IOI blocked.-

The biasing potential supplied by the capacitor I03 is counteracted, when the apparatus is in operation, by impulses provided by a peaking transformer I21. The primary I29 of the transformer is energized from the line conductors I9 and 2| and the secondary I3I transmits the impulses induced therein when the primary carries current through a resistor I33. The resistor I33 is connected at one of its terminals to the control electrode III of the auxiliary valve IOI through the biasing capacitor H5, and at the other terminal to thecathode I09 of the auxiliary valve.

The impulses produced in the secondary I3I are thus superimposed on the biasing potential provided by the capacitor.

While peaking transformers of the ordinary structure may be used in the practice of my invention, I prefer the novel structure shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The transformer I21 disclosed in this view comprises a soft iron two-legged yoke I35, the legs I31 of which are magnetically connected by a narrow strip I39 of a highly magnetizable steel, fastened near their outer ends. The yoke I35 may consist of a pair of ordinary transformer punchings I, the center legs of which have been removed. The highly magnetizable strip I39 may be fastened to the punchings I by slitting its ends at the center and bending the two portions I43 thus produced each over a punching.

The highly magnetizable material which I prefer to use for the strip I39 in the practice of my invention is an alloy composed of 40 to 60% nickel and 60 to 40%iron, which is described in detail in Patent No. 1,807,021, to Trygve D. Yensen, dated May 28, 1931, and assigned to the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Comin Figs.5 to 7. In all of these views, time is plotted horizontally. In Fig. 5, potential and current are plotted vertically; the sine wave curve I05 of larger amplitude represents the potential impressed on the primary I29 the transformer I21; the sine wave curve I01 0! smaller amplitude represents the current flowing through the primary. In view of the fact that the ohmic resistance oi the primary is relatively high, the po.- tential and current are very nearly in phase with each other as shown by the plots.

In Fig. 6 the flux through the core of the transformer is plotted vertically. Since the Hipernik strip saturates quickly, the flux through the core increases only in the region of zero current and is substantially constant when the current through the primary is of substantial value. The trapezoidal-shaped curve I09 in Fig. 6 represents this situation.

In Fig. 7, the secondary potential is plotted vertically. Since this potential dependson the rate of change of flux, it is impulsive in character and occurs only in th regions where the flux varies. The peaked curves II of Fig. 7 represent the secondary potential.

When the circuit through the secondary "I of the peaking transformer I21 is closed, peaked impulses are impressed across the resistor E90 in series therewith and counteract the biasing potential in the control circuit of the auxiliary valve IOI. current to charge the timing capacitor I09 through the timing resistor I05.

The timing resistor I05 is'connected at one terminal to the control electrode I58 of a second auxiliary valve I55 of the arc-like type through a grid resistor I51, and at the other terminal to the cathode I59 of the latter valve through a pair ting the voltage dividers ISIand I63, the counteracting efiect may be made to persist for any desired interval of time and this time interval is used to measure out the time during which the current flows for spot welding.

The auxiliary valve IOI transmitsample, in such a case tend toproduce substantial variations in the timing because the chargin characteristic for the capacitor I03 is relatively horizontal at the desired cut-oi! point. To remedy this disadvantage, another capacitor I95 is connected between the cathode I59 of the second auxiliary valve I55 and the positiveterminal I61 oi'the direct-current supply III. The capacitor causes ripples from the rectifier 3 to be superimposed on the potential impressed through the timing resistor" I05. The ripples increase the steepness of the wave front of the timing potential and, therefore, cause the arrangement to operate with considerably more precision. The capacitor I05, in addition, permits the remote location of the voltage dividers IN and I63 since it has a filtering action'which nullifies whatever disturbances are picked up in the leads extending to the remote dividers. Since the voltage dividers IN and I03 are adjusted by hand and, in the experimental work for which the apparatus is particularly designed, i'requent adjustments may benecessary, the remote location of the dividers is of-substantial advantage.

The second auxiliary valve I55 is supplied with positive halt-waves of potential from the main Wherea relatively long timing interval is desired, difilculty is involved in precisely setting the biasing voltage dividers I0 I and I55 because the time rate of variation of the potential drop across the timing resistor I05 becomes small when the timing capacitor has beencharged-ior some time.

Slight variations in the source potential, for exline conductors I9 and 2| through a full-wave rectifier I99. In the preferred practice of my invention, a single tube having a pair of anodes HI and Ila-and a cathode I15 is used. The cathode I15 oi the rectifier I59 is connected to the anode I11 oi' the second auxiliary valve through a current limiting resistor I19.- The rectifier I69 is energized from a center tapped secfrom the line of conductors I9 'and 2 I One anode 1 "I of the rectifier I69. is connected to one terminal of the secondary section I'8I through a resistor I85, and the other anode I1! is correspondingly connected to the other terminal of the secondary section through another resistor I91. The intermediate tap I88 of the section is connected to the cathode I59 of the second auxiliary valve I55. When the latter valve is. rendered conductive by the potential drop across the timing resistor I05, half-wave impulses of current flow alternately through the resistors I05 and I91 in series with the branches of the rectifier. The potential drop across the resistors I and I81 is used for the purpose of timing the flow of current for spot welding. This potential is impressed in the control circuits of the timing valves 55 and 91 through control transformers I89 and I'9I, the primaries I93 and I95 of which are connected in parallel with the resistors I95 and Ill.

Initially, the system is energized .by the operation of a suitable main switch or circuit breaker (not shown) The closure of the main circuit breaker causes heating energy to be supplied to the cathodes 39, 1|, I09, I59, I15 and I91 of the heat control, the timing and the other aux iliary valves 31; 99, 55, 51,- IOI and I55 and the rectiflers H3 and I69. The application of anodecathode potential to the valves and rectifiers,

.however, is delayed by a time delay relay I99.

The exciting coil "I of the relay is supplied with current on the closure of the mainswitch, but

the movable contactor 203 of the relay closes For seam welding, the drum switch 295 is moved towards the left, and when it is set in the latter position, the seam welding circuit controller 201 is closed. The latter is shown as a knife switch but it may be any general manual controller such as a foot switch or a push button. The closure of the manual switch 251 causes current to flow through the movable contactor 293 of the time relay I91 and the exciting coil 299 of a starting relay 2. The movable contactors 2|3 and 2|5 of the starting relay 2| are now closed and circuits are completed through the heat control and timing valves 33 and 55 and 35 and 51, respectively.

The circuit through the upper set of auxiliary valves 33 and 55 extends from the lower line conductor 2| through a conductor 2", a conductor 2|9, a conductor 22|, the second drum switch movable contactor 223 from the top, a conductor 225, a conductor 221, the upper movable contactor 2|3 of the starting relay 2| a conductor 229, a current limiting resistor 23|, the anode 31 and the cathode 39 of the heat control valve 33, a conductor 233, the anode 59 and the cathode 1| of the timing valve 55, a conductor 235, the ignition electrode 3| and the cathode 39 of the right-hand main valve 25, a conductor 231, the

primary H of the welding transformer 9, to they upper line conductor l9. The circuit for the lower set of auxiliary valves 35 and 51 extends from the upper line conductor I9, through the primary H of the welding transformer 9, a conductor 239, a conductor 24|, the upper movable contactor 243 of the drum switch 255, a conductor 245, a conductor 241, the lower movable contactor 2|5 oi the starting relay 2, a conductor 249, a current limiting resistor 25l, the anode 31 and the cathode 39 of the heat control valve 35, a conductor 253, the anode 59 and the cathode 1| oi the timing valve 51, a conductor 255, the ignition electrode 3| and the cathode 29 of the left-hand main valve 23, the conductor 2|1, to the lower line conductor 2|. It is to be noted that the heat control and timing valves are so connected that each set of valves 33 and 55 and 35 and 51 receives positive anode cathode potential simultaneously with the main valves 25 and 23, respectively, through the ignition electrode 3| of the which they transmit current.

When the drum switch 255 is in the seam welding position, its lower movable contactor 251 closes a circuit through the synchronous motor 99, whereby the seam welding timing disc 91 is rotated. The pins 95, therefore, pass through the air gap 11 in the core 13 of the impulse generator 15 and impulses are induced in the coils 83, 95, 91 and 99. The impulses in the upper left-hand coil 93 and the lower right-hand coil 99 are impressed in a circuit which extends from the upper' terminal of the left-hand coil 93 through a resistor 259, a conductor 25|, the 4th movable contactor 253 of the drum switch 295 from the top, a conductor 255, to the lower terminal of the right-hand coil 99. The impulses induced in the upper right-hand coil 91 and the lower left-hand coil 95 are correspondingly impressed across a resistor 251 in series with the coils and the 7th movable contactor 259 of the drum switch from the top.

The first-mentioned resistor 253 is connected 9 at one of its terminals to the control electrode 13 of the upper timingvalve 55 through a grid 'res stor 2H, and at its other terminal to the ca hode 1| oi the same timing valve through a biasing source 213 and a conductor 215. The

erator 15, the biasing sources 213 and 211 maintain the timing valves 55 and 51 non-conductive. The polarity and the magnitude of the impulses are such that the biasing potentials are counteracted when the impulses are impressed and.

the timing valves are rendered conductive. The heat control valves 33 and 35 are rendered conductive by the potential supplied through the. phase shift network 43, and transmit the current conducted by the timing valves 55 and 51, respectively, through the corresponding ignition electrodes 3|.

The pins are so arranged in the disc 91 that the impulses produced by the generator 15 occur early in the half periods of the supply l9, 2|. Accordingly, the valves 55 and 51 may be rendered conductive early in the half periods. On the other hand the heat control valves 33 and 35 may be rendered conductive at a substantial angle in the corresponding half 'cycles oi the source. To provide for the transmission of current through the timing valves 55 and 51 in the intervals before the corresponding heat-control valves 33 and 35 are rendered conductive, the anode-cathode paths of the latter valves are bridged by resistors 219 and 29L respectively. The current is initially transmitted through the timing valves 55 and 51 and the resistors 219 and 29|, respectively, and is of such magnitude that the main valves 25 and 23 are not rendered conductive. At instants predetermined by the setting oi the phase-shift network 43, the heat control valves 33 and 35 are rendered conductive, and at these instants the latter valves short circuit the bridging resistors 219 and 29l, respectively, and current from the timing valves 55 and 51 is transmitted in each case through the associated heat control valves 33 and 35 and the associated ignition electrodes 3| and cathodes 29. The main valves 23.and 25 are now rendered conductive and current is supplied through the material |5 to be welded.

The magnetic pins 95 are inserted in the seam welding timing disc 19 at points to correspondto the desired current flow. The speed of the disc 15 is such that a pin passes through the gap 11 during a half-period of the supply source l9, 2|. Accordingly, for a particular arrangement of pins, the timing valves and the heat control valves are rendered conductive for a predetermined number of half-periods of the source and remain non-conductive during the intervening halfperiod, and the flow of welding current varies in corresponding manner.

When a spot welding operation is desired, the drum switch 295 is disengaged from the seam welding position and moved to the spot welding position. By the movement of the switch the synchronous motor circuit is opened and the motor stops. The circuits through the impulse coils 93, 95, 91 and- 99, and the resistors 259 and 251 are also opened and there is no possibility of disturbing influences being introduced through the coils into the control circuits of the timing valves 55 and 51 by accidental rotation of the disc. The starting relay 2, in lieu of being energized through the seam welding circuit controller 231, is now energized through the third movable contactor 293 from the top of the drum switch 205 which, with the switch in the spot welding position, bridges the contacts of the seam welding circuit controller 201.

With the drumswitch 205 in the spot welding position, a weld is initiated by the closing of the spot welding circuit controller 285, which may also be a foot switch or a push button.- Current is now supplied to the exciting coil 281 of a spot welding starting relay I25 to energize the relay. The relay, when energized, simultaneously opens the contactor I23 through which the biasing capacitor H is charged and a contactor 283 which short circuits the timing capacito I03 and progressively closes a number of other contactors 29I, 233, 235 and 231.

With the contactor I23 open, the biasing potential of the capacitor H5 is impressed between the control electrode III and the cathode I03 of the auxiliary valve IOI, through the resistor I33 in the secondary circuit of the impulsing transformer. The contactor 23I of the spot welding starting relay I25, which is the first to close, completes the anode-cathodecircuit of the auxiliary valve IOI. This circuit extends from the positive terminal I81 of the direct-current supply II3 through a conductor 233, the contactor 23I of the relay I25, a conductor 30I, the anode I 01 and the cathode I03 of the auxiliary valve IN, the timing capacitor I03, the timing resistor I05, to the negative terminal 303 of the direct-current supply. However, in spite of the fact that anode-cathode potential is now supplied to the auxiliary valve IN, the latter is maintained non-conductive by the biasing potential supplied by the capacitor I I5. 4

The contacts 233 and 295 of the starting relay I25 which are next closed, bridge the conductors 2l3 and 221 and 233 and 241, respectively, which are bridged by the second contactor 223 from the top and the upper contactor 243 of the drum switch 205 when the latter was in the seam welding position. These contactors thus close the circuits through the heat control and timing valves is somewhat impaired. A valve carrying small current tends to become non-conductive when negative potential is impressed between its control electrode and its cathode. Since the biasing capacitor potential and theinverse impulses from the peaking transformer I21 together are of substantial negative magnitude, the valve IOI would have a tendency to operate with some instability. To suppress, this difllculty, a resistor 305 of substantially smaller impedance than that of the timing capacitor I03 and the timing resistor 105 potential drop across the resistors is impressed on the control transformers I83 and I3I, the

'- primaries I33 and I of which are connected in 33 and 55 and 35 and 61, respectively, and the corresponding ignition electrodes 3| and cathodes 23 of the main valves 25 and 23, respectively, Just as they were originally closed by the corresponding movable contactors of the drum switch.

The last movable contactor 231 of the start ingrelay I25 to close completes the circuit through the secondary I3I of the impulsing transformer I21 and the resistor I33 in-series therewith. Impulses are now supplied in the control circuit of the auxiliary valve IOI through the resistor I33 and the biasing potential supplied by the capacitor H5 is counteracted. The impulses occur early in the half-periods of the supply source and, therefore, the auxiliary valve IOI is rendered conductive early inv that halfperiod of the supply source which follows the closing of the secondary circuit of the impulsing transformer I 21. Current now flows through the anode I51 and the cathode I03 of the auxiliary valve IN and the timing capacitor I03 in series with theauxiliary valve is charged through the timing resistor I01.

The impedance of the timing capacitor I03, and particularly the timing resistor I05, is relatively large so that the impedance in series with the anode I 01 and the cathode I03 of the auxiliary valve IOI is of substantial magnitude. For

this reason, the current flow through the auxiliary valve is relatively small. 'I have found that when the current transmitted by a valve of parallel with the resistors I85 and I31. The secondary 301 of the former control transformer I83 is connected, through the 5th movable contactor 303 from the top of the drum switch 205. across the resistor 253 in the control circuit of the upper timing valve 55. The secondary 3 of the other control transformer I3I is correspondingly connected across the other resistor 231.

through the 6th movable contactor' 3I3 of the drum switch 205 from the top. The potentials from the control transformers I83 and I3I thus replace the potentials from the impulse generator 15 in the control circuits of the timing valves and 61, and the latter are rendered conductive in response to the potentials supplied through the control transformers I33 and I3I in the same manner as they are rendered conductive in the seam welding position in response to'the potentials by the impulse generator 15. The timing valves 35 and 51 new again transmit current through the bridging resistors 213 and 25 and 21, respectively, in the same manner as for seam welding, and when the heat control valves 33 and 35, respectively, are rendered conrent in this manner until the timing capacitor" I03 is charged to a po ntial such that the biasing potential impressed on the second auxiliary valve is no longer suflicient to counteract the bias. Thereafter the second auxiliary valve I55 is rendered non-conductive and the flow of welding current ceases. In this manner, a single spot weld is produced. To produce a second weld the manual switch 235 is opened and reclosed,

thus again operating .the spot welding starting relay I25.

In a system constructed in accordance with my invention which was found to operate satisfactorily, the elements were of the following dimen- Main valves 23 and 25-- Heat control valves--- 33 and 35.

Timing valves 65 and 61- First auxiliary spot welder valve IOI.

Second auxiliary spot welder valve I55.

Rectifier I I3 providing..- direct current potential.

Rectifier I55 in series-" with second auxiliary valve.

Drum switch 205 Starting relay 2| I Resistors 219 and 28I bridging heat control valves. Current limiting resistors 23I and 25I in series with heat control and timing valves.

Potential across secondary 3l5 connected to rectifier II3 supplying direct-current potential.

Rheostat I2I connectedto positive terminal of direct current supply.

Rheostat I I9 connected to negative terminal of direct-current supply.

Biasing capacitor L. for auxiliary valve. Grid resistor H1 in series with biasing capacitor H5.

Resistor I33 in secondary circuit of impulsing transformer I21,

'1 iming capacitor I03--- Timing resistor I05 Stabilizing resistor 305....

Ripple capacitor I65 Voltage dividers I6I and I63 across'direct-current potential supply.

Potential supply to each branch of rectifler I69 in series with second auxil-- iary valve I55.

Resistors I05 and I81 in series with. branches oi rectifier.

Current limiting resistor I19 in series with second auxiliary valve.

Westinghouse Westinghouse KU-616. KU-Gll.

Westinghouse KU-621.

Westinghouse 1110-581.

Westinghouse Ro-sn.

Westinghouse Type W switch.

Westinghouse HC relay.

10,000 ohms.

1.1 ohms.

460 volts.

200,000 ohms.

100,000 ohms.

.01 microfarad.

megohm.

200,000 ohms.

2 microfarads.

150,000 ohms.

50,000 ohms.

2 microfarads. 15,000 and 10,000 ohms.

110 volts.

1000 ohms.

1000 ohms.

Although I have shown and described a certain specific embodiment of my invention, I am fully aware that many modifications thereof are possible. My invention, therefore, is not to be restricted except insofar as is necessitated by the. prior art and by the spirit of the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1.'For use in supplying power from a source of periodically pulsating current to a load, the combination comprising valve means interposed between said source and said load for controlling the flow of current between said source and said load, a first timing means adapted to be coupled to said valve means which when energized after being so coupled to said valve means causes current to how to said load in the form of a substantial number of discrete pulses separated by intervals of time having a length of the same order oi magnitude as said pulses, each pulse enduring for a time interval greater than a period of said source, a second timing means adapted to be coupled to said valve means and pro- .vided with a switch and which when energized 2. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized by coupling means of such character that one of said timing means is disconnected from said valve means when said other timing means is connected thereto.

3. In combination, an electric discharge valve having a plurality of principalelectrodes and a control electrode, a normally open circuit for applying a periodically pulsating potential between saidprincipal electrodes, a normally closed circuit for applying a blocking potential between said control electrode and one of said principal electrodes, said closed circuit comprising charge storing means, and means for charging said charge storing means through said control electrode and said one principal electrode, said charge storing means being so connected to said control electrode and said one principal electrode that by reason of being charged it applies said blocking potential, another normally open circuit for applying a potential to counteract said blocking potential and render said valve conductive, and means for closing said normally open circuits and opening said normally closed circuit.

4. In combination, an electric discharge valve having a plurality of principal electrodes and a control electrode, a normally open circuit for applying a periodically pulsating potential between said principal electrodes, a normally closed circuit for applying a blocking potential between said control electrode and one of said principal electrodes, said closed circuit comprising charge storing means in circuit with said control electrode and said one principal electrode and means for charging said charge storing means through said control electrode and said one principal electrode so that when charged it maintains said control electrode electrically negative relative to said one principal electrode, another normally open circuit for applying a potential oi short 'duration compared to the periods of said pulsating potential to counteract said blocking potential and render said valve conductive. and

means for closing said normally open circuits and opening said normally closed circuit.

5. In combination, an electric discharge valve having a plurality of principal electrodes and a control electrode, a normally open circuit for applying a periodically pulsating potential between said principal electrodes, anormally closed circult for applying a blocking potential between circuit, 'said normally open circuit means for applying a potential between said principal electrodes being closed before said normally open circuit means for counteracting said blocking potential is closed.

' such that the current flow through said valve 6. In combination, an electric discharge valve 1 of the arc-like type having a control electrode and a plurality of principal electrodes, means for impressing a periodically pulsating potential between said principal electrodes, means for impressing a blocking potential between said control electrode and one of said principal electrodes, means for superimposing on said blocking potential a potential in the form of impulses which intermittently become large enough to counteract said blOCkiIlg potential, a network for utilizing the discharge current of said valve connected to said principal electrodes, said network having an impedance such that the current now through said valve would become so small as to render the valve unstable under the action of the intermittently existing blocking potential if it were the only load on said valve, and stabilizing means forv said valve comprising an electrical element of suitable impedance in parallel with said utili-.

zation network.

pressing a blocking potential between said control electrode and one of said principal electrodes, means for superimposing on said blocking potential a potential in the form of impulses which intermittently become large enough to counteract said blocking potential, a network for utiliz-' ing the discharge current of said valve connected to said principal electrodes, said network having an impedance such that the current flow through said valve would become so small as to render the valve unstable under the action of the intermittently existing blocking potential if it were the only load on said valve, and stabilizing means for said valve comprising an electrical element of substantially smaller impedance than said network in parallel with said utilization network.

8. In combination, an electric discharge valve of the arc-like type having a plurality of principal electrodes, means for impressing a periodically pulsating potential between said principal electrodes, a network for utilizing the discharge current of said valve connected to saidprincipal,

electrodes, said network having an impedance 9. For use in supplying-power from a source oi periodically pulsating current to a load, tht combination comprising valve means interposed between said source and load for controlling the 7. In combination, an' electric discharge valve oi the arc-like type having a control electrode and a plurality of principal electrodes, means for impressing a periodically pulsating potential between said principal electrodes, means for imflow of current between said source and said load, control means for efiecting current flow through said valve means upon the application to said control means of a potential greater than a predetermined critical value, a .flrst means adapted to be coupled to said control means for applying a potential thereto which is above said critical value in each period of the source during each one of a plurality of spaced time intervals, a second means, adapted to be coupled to said control means and provided with a switch, for applying a potential to said control means which is above said critical value in each period of the source during a single interval of time only for each closure of said switch, and means for at will coupling one or the other of said first and second means tosaid control means.

. JOHN W. DAWSON. 

